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≥ 85% Very Strong 75–84% Strong 60–74% Moderate < 60% Weak

A King Debates with Abraham

Qur’an 2:258

Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord because Allah had given him kingship? Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death." He said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, Allah brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed...

400 AD

Genesis Rabbah 38:13

Nimrod said to Abraham, “Worship fire!” Abraham replied, “Let us worship water, since it extinguishes fire…” The argument continued until Nimrod cast Abraham into a furnace.

Similarity: 90%

Jesus Creates Birds from Clay

Qur’an 3:49

And [make him] a messenger to the Children of Israel, [who will say], "Indeed I have come to you with a sign from your Lord in that I design for you from clay [that which is] like the form of a bird, then I breathe into it and it becomes a bird by permission of Allah...

150-200 AD

Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2:2,4

He formed twelve sparrows of clay... and cried to them: 'Go!' And they began to fly.

Similarity: 80%

Killing One Equals Killing All

Qur’an 5:32

Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely...

190-230 AD

Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5

If anyone destroys a single life... it is as if he destroyed the whole world.

Similarity: 85%

Jesus and the Clay Birds Again

Qur’an 5:110

...and when You designed from clay [what was] like the form of a bird with My permission, then You breathed into it, and it became a bird with My permission...

150-200 AD

Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2:2,4

Jesus made twelve sparrows out of clay and breathed into them and they flew away chirping.

Similarity: 80%

Iblis Refuses to Bow

Qur’an 7:11–27

... [Allah] said, "What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you?" [Satan] said, "I am better than him. You created me from fire and created him from clay."

20 BC to 70 AD

Life of Adam and Eve 7:11-27

God commanded the angels to bow to Adam. Satan refused, saying, “I am fire, he is clay.”

Similarity: 85%

The 7 Sleepers of Ephesus legend

Qur’an 18:17–31

“And you might have seen the sun when it rose, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it set, passing away from them on the left, while they were [laying] within an open space thereof...” (Qur’an 18:17, part)

521 CE

Jacob of Sarug

A group of youths sleeps in a cave for centuries, hidden by God, and later wakes up as a sign to their people.

Similarity: 90%

Dhul-Qarnayn Builds the Barrier

Qur’an 18:93–98

So they said, "O Dhul-Qarnayn, indeed Gog and Magog are [great] corrupters in the land. So may we assign for you an expenditure that you might make between us and them a barrier?"...

3rd century BCE

Alexander Romance

Alexander the Great builds a gate of iron between two mountains to contain barbaric tribes (Gog and Magog).

Similarity: 88%

Abraham Argues with His Father About Idols

Qur’an 19:41–50

“O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear or see or benefit you at all? … Indeed, I fear that a punishment from the Most Merciful will touch you, so you would be to Satan a companion.”

460 BC – 140 CE

Book of Jubilees 12:2

“And he [Abram] said to his father, Terah, 'Why do you worship things that have no spirit in them? For they are the work of hands... Do not worship them!'”

Similarity: 90%

Mary and the Palm Tree

Qur’an 19:91–98

“And shake toward you the trunk of the palm tree; it will drop upon you ripe, fresh dates.” (Qur’an 19:25)

~145 CE & ~600 CE

Protoevangelium of James & Pseudo-Gospel of Matthew

Mary is nourished by a palm tree and a stream appears beneath her during childbirth.

Similarity: 75%

Abraham Cast into the Fire

Qur’an 21:68–69

They said, "Burn him and support your gods—if you are going to act." We said, "O fire, be coolness and safety upon Abraham."

400 AD

Genesis Rabbah 38:13

Nimrod cast Abraham into a burning furnace, but God miraculously saved him.

Similarity: 95%

Solomon Hears the Ant

Qur’an 27:18–19

Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, "O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not." So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech...

1st–2nd century CE

Talmud Bavli

Solomon understood the language of animals, including ants, and heard them warn each other of his army.

Similarity: 70%

Story of Moses

Qur’an 28:3–46

“Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their [newborn] sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.” (Qur’an 28:4)

3rd–6th century CE

Exodus Rabbah

Details on Moses’ infancy, his mother placing him in the Nile, and Pharaoh’s daughter rescuing him.

Similarity: 85%

Solomon’s Wind and Demons

Qur’an 34:12

“And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind—its morning [journey was that of] a month—and its afternoon [journey was that of] a month, and We made flow for him a spring of [liquid] copper. And among the jinn were those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord...” (Qur’an 34:12, part)

4th–5th century CE

Legends of the Jews

Solomon commands demons and controls the wind by divine power to accomplish great feats.

Similarity: 80%

People of the Ditch

Qur’an 85:4–8

Cursed were the companions of the trench - [Containing] the fire full of fuel, When they were sitting near it, And they, to what they were doing against the believers, were witnesses.

2nd century CE

Christian Martyr Legends

A king tried to burn Christians alive in a trench because of their faith, and they refused to recant.

Similarity: 90%

Scrolls of Abraham

Qur’an 87:18–19

“Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, the scriptures of Abraham and Moses.” (Qur’an 87:18–19)

1st–2nd century CE

Apocalypse of Abraham

Abraham receives visions and revelations from God in a heavenly journey and is shown divine secrets.

Similarity: 65%