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Qur’an 2:258
Have you not considered the one who argued with Abraham about his Lord because Allah had given him kingship? Abraham said, "My Lord is the one who gives life and causes death." He said, "I give life and cause death." Abraham said, "Indeed, Allah brings up the sun from the east, so bring it up from the west." So the disbeliever was overwhelmed...
400 AD
Genesis Rabbah 38:13
Nimrod said to Abraham, “Worship fire!” Abraham replied, “Let us worship water, since it extinguishes fire…” The argument continued until Nimrod cast Abraham into a furnace.
Similarity: 90%
Qur’an 3:49
And [make him] a messenger to the Children of Israel, [who will say], "Indeed I have come to you with a sign from your Lord in that I design for you from clay [that which is] like the form of a bird, then I breathe into it and it becomes a bird by permission of Allah...
150-200 AD
Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2:2,4
He formed twelve sparrows of clay... and cried to them: 'Go!' And they began to fly.
Similarity: 80%
Qur’an 5:32
Because of that, We decreed upon the Children of Israel that whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely...
190-230 AD
Mishnah Sanhedrin 4:5
If anyone destroys a single life... it is as if he destroyed the whole world.
Similarity: 85%
Qur’an 5:110
...and when You designed from clay [what was] like the form of a bird with My permission, then You breathed into it, and it became a bird with My permission...
150-200 AD
Infancy Gospel of Thomas 2:2,4
Jesus made twelve sparrows out of clay and breathed into them and they flew away chirping.
Similarity: 80%
Qur’an 7:11–27
... [Allah] said, "What prevented you from prostrating when I commanded you?" [Satan] said, "I am better than him. You created me from fire and created him from clay."
20 BC to 70 AD
Life of Adam and Eve 7:11-27
God commanded the angels to bow to Adam. Satan refused, saying, “I am fire, he is clay.”
Similarity: 85%
Qur’an 18:17–31
“And you might have seen the sun when it rose, inclining away from their cave on the right, and when it set, passing away from them on the left, while they were [laying] within an open space thereof...” (Qur’an 18:17, part)
521 CE
Jacob of Sarug
A group of youths sleeps in a cave for centuries, hidden by God, and later wakes up as a sign to their people.
Similarity: 90%
Qur’an 18:93–98
So they said, "O Dhul-Qarnayn, indeed Gog and Magog are [great] corrupters in the land. So may we assign for you an expenditure that you might make between us and them a barrier?"...
3rd century BCE
Alexander Romance
Alexander the Great builds a gate of iron between two mountains to contain barbaric tribes (Gog and Magog).
Similarity: 88%
Qur’an 19:41–50
“O my father, why do you worship that which does not hear or see or benefit you at all? … Indeed, I fear that a punishment from the Most Merciful will touch you, so you would be to Satan a companion.”
460 BC – 140 CE
Book of Jubilees 12:2
“And he [Abram] said to his father, Terah, 'Why do you worship things that have no spirit in them? For they are the work of hands... Do not worship them!'”
Similarity: 90%
Qur’an 19:91–98
“And shake toward you the trunk of the palm tree; it will drop upon you ripe, fresh dates.” (Qur’an 19:25)
~145 CE & ~600 CE
Protoevangelium of James & Pseudo-Gospel of Matthew
Mary is nourished by a palm tree and a stream appears beneath her during childbirth.
Similarity: 75%
Qur’an 21:68–69
They said, "Burn him and support your gods—if you are going to act." We said, "O fire, be coolness and safety upon Abraham."
400 AD
Genesis Rabbah 38:13
Nimrod cast Abraham into a burning furnace, but God miraculously saved him.
Similarity: 95%
Qur’an 27:18–19
Until, when they came upon the valley of the ants, an ant said, "O ants, enter your dwellings that you not be crushed by Solomon and his soldiers while they perceive not." So [Solomon] smiled, amused at her speech...
1st–2nd century CE
Talmud Bavli
Solomon understood the language of animals, including ants, and heard them warn each other of his army.
Similarity: 70%
Qur’an 28:3–46
“Indeed, Pharaoh exalted himself in the land and made its people into factions, oppressing a sector among them, slaughtering their [newborn] sons and keeping their females alive. Indeed, he was of the corrupters.” (Qur’an 28:4)
3rd–6th century CE
Exodus Rabbah
Details on Moses’ infancy, his mother placing him in the Nile, and Pharaoh’s daughter rescuing him.
Similarity: 85%
Qur’an 34:12
“And to Solomon [We subjected] the wind—its morning [journey was that of] a month—and its afternoon [journey was that of] a month, and We made flow for him a spring of [liquid] copper. And among the jinn were those who worked for him by the permission of his Lord...” (Qur’an 34:12, part)
4th–5th century CE
Legends of the Jews
Solomon commands demons and controls the wind by divine power to accomplish great feats.
Similarity: 80%
Qur’an 85:4–8
Cursed were the companions of the trench - [Containing] the fire full of fuel, When they were sitting near it, And they, to what they were doing against the believers, were witnesses.
2nd century CE
Christian Martyr Legends
A king tried to burn Christians alive in a trench because of their faith, and they refused to recant.
Similarity: 90%
Qur’an 87:18–19
“Indeed, this is in the former scriptures, the scriptures of Abraham and Moses.” (Qur’an 87:18–19)
1st–2nd century CE
Apocalypse of Abraham
Abraham receives visions and revelations from God in a heavenly journey and is shown divine secrets.
Similarity: 65%